How Do Camper Fridges Operate on Propane?

Jun 13, 2025

Ever wondered if camping refrigerators run on propane? Short answer: yes, they absolutely do—and it’s why your bacon stays cold in the wild. From how they work to why they’re a camper’s secret weapon, keep reading to learn why propane-powered fridges are cooler than your mate’s electric one.

The Answer: Not All of Them. Understanding the Different Types

Many campers opt for propane-powered fridges. And yes, some camper fridges do run on propane. This allows food to stay fresh even in remote locations.

However, not all camping refrigerators use propane. Some rely solely on electricity or hybrid systems. Understanding the different types helps you choose the right one for your trips.

12V caravan fridge with sleek black door design, on a white background.

The Propane Fridge: Understanding Absorption Refrigerators

Propane fridges are a solid choice for campers who want off-grid cooling. They’re reliable, quiet, and don’t rely on electricity.

Instead of a compressor, these fridges use a special absorption process that keeps things cool without moving parts.

How Does It Work? The Science of Propane Cooling

The absorption cooling process begins when propane heats a mixture of water and ammonia. This produces ammonia vapour.

The vapour mixes with hydrogen, creating a cooling effect inside the fridge. The cycle continues as ammonia is absorbed and released repeatedly.

This process requires no electricity and works quietly, which is perfect for camping and caravan life.

What is a "2-Way" Fridge? (Propane & AC Electric)

A 2-way fridge gives you flexibility. It can run on propane when you're off-grid and switch to AC electric power when you're plugged into the mains.

Great for mixed-style camping or trips that include caravan parks.

What is a "3-Way" Fridge? (Propane, AC & 12V DC)

A 3-way fridge offers even more flexibility. Along with propane and AC power, it can also run on 12V DC from your vehicle while you're driving.

This means you can keep everything cool while on the move, without needing to switch the fridge off between stops.

The Alternative: Electric-Only Compressor Refrigerators

Not every camper fridge uses propane. Some are fully electric and use a compressor system, similar to your home fridge.

These fridges rely on power from a 12V battery, solar panels, or shore power connections.

How a 12V Compressor Fridge Works

These fridges compress refrigerant to remove heat and cool the interior. They’re efficient and tend to chill faster than absorption models.

You’ll need a steady power source, but they’re dependable and ideal for solar setups.

Dometicfridge with open lid and exposed cooling unit, on a white background.

Why Some Modern Campers Only Use Electric Fridges

Some newer campervans and motorhomes skip propane altogether. Instead, they use solar panels and battery banks to run 12V fridges.

It reduces reliance on gas and removes the need for regular refills. It can also feel safer for those not comfortable handling propane.

Propane vs. Electric: Practical Guide for Campers

Each power source has its pros and cons. Your camping habits will help determine the right choice.

Which Power Source Should You Use?

The best option depends on how and where you camp. Do you stay at powered sites or go completely off-grid?

When to Use Propane: Best for Boondocking and Off-Grid

Propane is ideal for wild camping or staying at remote sites. You won’t need a hookup or solar system to keep your food cold.

It’s efficient and works in most weather conditions, especially with proper ventilation.

When to Use AC Electric: For Campgrounds with Shore Power

If you stay in campsites with power, plug into AC. It saves your propane for off-grid use and gives you a constant energy supply.

Just remember to bring the right adapters or cords for hookup.

When to Use 12V DC Power: Powering Your Fridge While Driving

Use 12V DC when you're on the road. It draws power from your vehicle battery, keeping the fridge running between campsites.

Not all fridges have this option, so check before buying or upgrading.

Dometic fridge with open double doors showing empty interior, on a white background.

How to Use Your Propane Fridge Safely and Efficiently

With the right setup, propane fridges are both safe and effective. Just follow some basic steps and routine maintenance.

Step-by-Step: How to Light Your Propane Fridge

Lighting your fridge usually involves turning on the gas valve and pressing the ignition. You may need to hold the button down until the flame catches.

Always check the manual specific to your model for proper instructions.

The Importance of Being Level for Proper Operation

Propane fridges must be level to function correctly. Tilted fridges disrupt the absorption process and can cause poor cooling—or worse, damage the unit.

Use a small spirit level when parking your camper.

How Long Will a Propane Tank Last?

On average, a 20lb (around 9kg) propane tank can run a fridge for 7 to 10 days continuously.

This depends on outside temperatures, fridge size, and how often the door is opened.

Key Safety Checks: Ventilation and Leak Detection

Ventilation is essential. Poor airflow can cause gas to build up, which is dangerous in confined spaces.

Check hoses and connections regularly using soapy water to spot leaks. Bubbles mean you’ve got a leak that needs fixing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Do propane fridges still need a battery to run?

Yes, in most cases. A battery powers the control panel and igniter, even though cooling comes from propane.

Is it safe to run the fridge on propane while driving?

This is a debated topic. Some campers do it, while others prefer switching to 12V for safety. Always check your local laws.

Which type of fridge cools down faster?

Compressor fridges cool quicker than propane models. If fast chill times are important, go electric.

Other content you might like:

Back to Camping Refrigerators Blog